James King

What you do next matters

Archive for the ‘Observations’ Category

A role profile for poject teams

Posted by James King on August 29, 2010

According to management theory, we all do a better job if we have a clear understanding of our role and what value it is adding to the team and the organisation. We also find work more satisfying when this is the case.

But quite often the role profile, position description and annual performance agreement become more of a burden than a source of job satisfaction.

In fact in most of the really successful project teams I have been in, we threw away our job titles and did whatever it took to make the project successful. So my experience with performance agreements and job descriptions seems to go against management theory.

As the team matured though, we started to learn more about each other’s strengths, weaknesses and even the type of work we liked/didn’t like doing. And it is at this point that I agree with the management theory – I was happiest when I knew what value I added to the team.

But it can take a while to carve out your niche on a project if it is large and complex. So this is the approach I like to take to get to this when starting on a project:

  1. Define your job in really simple terms in relative ignorance (ie based on what you think you know before starting):
    • My role is blah: where “blah” is less that seven words or a title such as DBA
    • If my grandmother asked what that means I would say …..
  2. List your most important 3-5 responsibilities as you see them 
    • For example a BA might list “produce the scope document” and “Mentor other BAs”.
    • Define a measurement.  This is not a smart goal or a stretch target – just state “I would know I was on track if …” and “I would know this isn’t happening if …”
  3. State the key decisions on the project you think you should be involved in:
    • I will be the one who decides …
    • Always check with/involve me in these decisions before they are made …
    • Let me know just before you …. even if you didn’t get my input
    • Tell me after the event if you ….
    • I am happy to be involved in other discussions but feel free to leave me out.
  4. At least meet with the project manager and argue about all the points above.  At best have a speed dating session where everyone in the team presents the above info to each other and argues what it should be for each person’s role:
    • (By “argue”, of course  I mean talk … actually I mean feel free to argue too).  Argue about both the explanation and the ranking of your responsibilities.
    • You will be suprised how often you thought the most important aspect of your role was different to what others on the project thought it was. Talking about it removes that ambiguity and forms a common understanding.
  5. After about 3-4 weeks, repeat the process and see what has changed.
  6. To go the next step, you can have a separate session on understanding each other’s strengths, weaknesses and communication styles. I can help you with this but there are also many books and workshop techniques you can use yourself. In fact if you are in Sydney, you can go to the Australian Institute of Management bookshop and they will show you several cheap and breazy workshops you can run out of the box.

If you review this description periodically and even better discuss it during project retrospectives then life will go easier and you will both get more kudos and feel like you are adding more value. 

The reason is that you will be discussing (and evolving) your understanding of why you are there and the understanding others have of why you are there.  And it means you will be focussing your energy on the key things that others also think they need from you, rather than working really hard on what you thought was important but that others didn’t think was.

Posted in Capability growth, Observations | Leave a Comment »

Recent photos

Posted by James King on July 24, 2010

I took some photos in a recent workshop and when I was emailing them I came across these ones on my phone.

When I grew up in Western Australia we had corny number plates like “WA – the state of excitement”.  Similarly, in NSW we have the phrase “The premier state” on some number plates.  So I was quite impressed with the different approach they used to a number plate I saw in Brisbane recently.

A number plate from Brisbane

On a separate trip I came across the following plaque that had been placed in the footpath to highlight some local history:

Highlighting our local history

Not very business focussed I suppose – but I thought both photos were worth sharing.

Posted in Observations | Leave a Comment »

Ask yourself if you can do it – don’t tell yourself

Posted by James King on May 29, 2010

I just came across some interesting research on motivation.

Apparently it is more effective to ask yourself “Will I succeed” than to say to yourself “I will succeed”.

Will I apply that lesson next time I want to achieve something important?

Posted in Capability growth, Observations, Reflection | Leave a Comment »

Agile and ITIL – Handing over knowledge

Posted by James King on May 23, 2010

At first pass, agile and ITIL approaches may seem like natural enemies.  This is certainly true if :

  • Agile is for cowboys who evade testing, write code without knowing why and think that documentation is close to pure evil; and
  • ITIL is a pack of non-thinking drones who create multiple unnecessary roles, random gateways with no purpose and document everything in sight without knowing why … including the average length of the carpet in high traffic corridors.

Where the zealots rule, the only thing that agilistas and Itilists will agree on is that one of them is fundamentally wrong and must be stopped.

But when they actually listen to each other they will discover something interesting:

  • ITIL has a very good knowledge management process hidden in its mist (Knowledge Centred Support) that says that we should record and solve problems by referring to a known list of symptoms and predicted root causes. Then if we don’t know the answer we should iteratively solve the problem and evolve our knowledge base for next time.
  • Good agilitstas  says that we should iteratively evolve our knowledge as we solve problems and start to better understand root causes rather than work on symptoms.
  • Both say mailing an out of date requirements document to a support team is pointless and both say that we need to collaborate on building our knowledge.

So here is a predictable outcome when good agilistas meet good itilists.  We all agree that we need to collaborate to evolve the knowledge needed by a support team.

  • The agilistas have this knowledge and believe that it should only be documented if it is fit for purpose; while
  • The itilists have the process and the “fit for purpose” documents that can replace large and wasteful requirements documents for support teams .. but  want someone to collaboratively build their knowledge based on the things the agile team already know.

So – when they actually talk to each other about effective support and about looking after the interests of their clients and their teams (rather than zealotry and what someone told them to think) then they find that they are actually a really good team.

Posted in Implementation, Observations | Leave a Comment »

Bias and decision making

Posted by James King on March 20, 2010

According to a recent article by Mckinsey, only 28% of the managers they surveyed thought that their organisations generally made good decisions.

That’s a pretty scary statistic if one of the most important things we want management teams to do is to make good decisions.

The article explains some of the common causes of bias in decision and positions  behavioural economics as a way of understanding and countering our natural biases.

It amazes me how often I have people talking in training courses talking about how to cope with bad decisions and how cynical they are about the decisions made “higher up the chain”.

So I have made my own decision – I will start adding some information here that helps with making better decisions.

I will probably add some more links as Mckinsey publish more of their articles on behavioural economics.  This will help us understand the biases we have and their impact.  Similarly I will publish some more tips on arguing to help with identifying flawed and biases arguements.

But my own theory is that many people start with reasonable ideas and would make good decisions … except that they are given the wrong information to use in making the decision.  So I will also start publishing some of my own tips on how to delegate or be delegated to.

I know this sounds simple, but I continue to observe a lot of intelligent, well meaning people getting into a mess because they either don’t challenge each others’ ideas, the a scared of having their ideas challenged or they are not sure what they just got asked to do.

Posted in Decisions, Investigation, Observations | Leave a Comment »

Working in virtual worlds – and getting away from it all in the real world

Posted by James King on January 6, 2010

I just got sent this link to an article in Scientific American. Its about “gold farmers” from the third world.

These enterprising workers join online games and spend time playing the game in order to amass treasure or experience that they can then sell to others for real money.

There are already property speculators in Second Life and people who can be hired to join your team of adventurers in a game.

Apparently there is even online crime with computer hackers stealing real people’s characters to sell onto others.

So you can now use your real world fortune to do better in a fantasy game than if you actually had to play it … and you can log into an online game to do a days work, before logging out to get away from it all by spending time in the real world.

If only there was a role for gaming coaches then I could log in and spend time virtual coaching.  That would be a good life.

Posted in Observations, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »

Why do we need warranties on projects?

Posted by James King on December 27, 2009

I was given a new technological device for Christmas that I never knew I needed – a cup warming plate that plugs into my laptop.  Now I can type away while leaving my tea or coffee for ages without it going cold.

The device has set a new standard for decadent features that I previously did not conceive a need for.  And of course it comes with a warranty if I can be bothered to log in and register.

I am happy to have this new complexity in my life as the maintenance cost is minimal.  I can either keep it on my desk, pack it in my suitcase, or stick it in a cupboard “to use later”.

I am also happy to register for the warranty “just in case”.  But I will be very annoyed if I have to actually use the warranty, because I will be really frustrated if my shiny new toy (er – I mean productivity enhancement device) doesn’t work properly.

Interestingly, though I have been speaking to some IT crews recently who insist that all IT projects should have a warranty period.

Apparently offering a warranty shows the business customers that we care and want to do the job properly.

But my question is this – If I am annoyed at having to use a warranty for the products I buy, then why should my customers be happy at having to use the warranty I give them.  Shouldn’t they be like me, sticking the warranty in a file in case of need and then forgetting about it?

I recently added an article to another blog about testing, and I added a link to yet a further blog that talks about testing on agile projects.  They are slightly relevant here because they both talk around the idea that we should build quality into what we do rather than testing and fixing what we produce at the end.

You can follow the links here if you like: http://softwareeducation.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/some-holiday-reading-what-happens-to-testers-on-agile-projects/

More importantly though, the lesson I would like to take from the new coffee warmer I have is Not that we need more complexity, gadgets and features that nobody previously realised they needed.

It is that we need expect our systems to work. We should be surprised if they fail and therefore “warranty periods” should be an accommodation to the past practice of building too much complexity too quickly. If our clients want to purchase a warranty then fine – but we should use the chance to hang out with production support and fix old bugs, not start to unwind the damage done by our latest period.

Then the measure of a successful project can be that the clients start to see warranty as paperwork to stick in the draw.  And we can get on with building the next thing they want.

Posted in Observations | Leave a Comment »

Research into software development

Posted by James King on October 11, 2009

I often come across research into things such as Agile development, ITIL, pair programming and other areas.  But the research is often quoted by fans of whatever the topic is.

I am generally too lazy to confirm that the research is sound, so I generally ignore most of it.

But here is some unbiased looking research (which I have not verified) into some areas of software development:

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/news/features/nagappan-100609.aspx

The areas I found most interesting were:

- Test driven development provides better quality but is significantly slower then “code then test”.  I am in favour of quality over speed in deploying new code, but this is the first research I have seen on the impact of TDD to speed.  And if the number is consistently “30% slower” then I guess that should give some teams cause to stop and think.

- Organisational structure and measures seems to have a massive impact on software quality.  So rather than revolutionising the techniques used, maybe better quality comes from building and supporting the team with the right organisational drivers.

Posted in Observations | Leave a Comment »

Agile, lean, kanban – more stress for the team?

Posted by James King on October 5, 2009

I had an interesting discussion in a workshop last week.  At the end of the second day someone asked me if “there have been any studies on stress levels for agile teams?”

I claimed that there should be less stress (which there should) but several of the group replied that there is in fact more stress than people experienced before going agile.

I wasn’t really satisfied with the conclusion of the discussion.  We left it with the shared agreement that

  • There is no fundamental reason why teams need to become more stressed with changes such as agile, lean or kanban approaches;
  • It is easy to say that there is additional stress involved in changing approaches and that this will go away when things settle down; but
  • Many teams find that rather than being empowered and freed up from the shackles of the old world, these new techniques all embed stress into their normal working practices.

My view is that this is the fault of the dynamics in the team and that each person is creating an unreasonable expectation on the others.  I therefore think it can be cured by looking at the expectations we have of ourselves and each other.

These approaches also create greater visibility of what is in the team’s backlog and how fast particular items can be completed.  So if we don’t push back on unreasonable work then we will be opening up the opportunity to bring on completely unreasonable demand levels that will not even be satisfied if we work every weekend.

But I am going to do some research over the next couple of months to find a better answer than “read the manifesto and set better expectations and then be happy”.

In the meantime I guess the best advice I can give is to browse through the following site.

http://www.health.harvard.edu/topic/stress

Iif anything you are learning about lean, kanban, agile, ultraspeed development, iso20000 or any other practices contradicts the advice of this site then the practice is wrong.  Conquering stress leads to clear thinking, collaboration and the willingness to take accountability – and those things will make your team more agile than any new practice or methodology will.

If you have a better response for now then let me know.  Otherwise I will come back to report here when I find a better answer as to why stress is increasing when logic tells me it should be decreasing.

Posted in Observations | Leave a Comment »

Why do the good project managers doubt themselves?

Posted by James King on September 13, 2009

I was coaching a project manager last week and we worked through several of the issues he is facing.

He was probably hoping that there were some cool new Lean or Agile tools that he could use to deal with some seemingly really difficult problems.  In fact I always hope the same thing – it makes coaching and work easier.

Sadly, and predictably, he didn’t need cool new techniques.  He was already applying common sense, accountability and a real focus on getting the best outcome for the project (best for the team, the organisation and the customer).  He was also treating people like people, risks like risks and even status reports as a way of communicating status.

Yet he was still struggling.

As we worked through his issues a couple of things came out of the conversation.  He noted that he rarely gets time to sit and reflect on the project because it is too important and too urgent.  He also noted that if it is so importantly maybe he does need time to think.

But for me what came out was the crystalisation of a pattern I was vaguely aware of.

Most good project managers struggle.

  • They start out runing small projects successfully;
  • So they get bigger and harder projects; and then
  • Eventually they either get blown up or find a sustainable rhythm between nightmare project (that they often seem to want every third project) and cruisy project (that they need every third or more projects but rapidly get bored with)

Now if they blow up, they often give up or get shunted out because they failed or struggled with something really hard.  But ironically this is exactly when they can learn to be a great project manager for future projects.  I often say I won’t hire project managers who have no scars because they need to learn from the struggles of being out of their depth or making mistakes, but I would rather someone else pay for that part of their education.

Also ironically, the good project managers seem, like the one I was coaching, to feel apologetic about struggling with really difficult projects.  They seem to feel that if they were better and more experienced the project would not have been such a struggle.

This is proabably true, but then we usually don’t know until half way through what a project will be like. So is is hard to avoid being a project manager and being in trouble.

On the other hand there are also many “sub-optimal” project managers who never feel apologetic.  Sometimes they choose easy projects, usually they ask for far more time, money and resources than a better project manager would need and still struggle to deliver, and every project they blame all problems on the complexity of the project  and claim they did an amazing job simply because the project was always in trouble and they were there to rescue it.

So it seems to be the project managers who doubt themselves that become better project managers, while the ones who blame the complexity of the project and the “dumb” stakeholders who fail to learn and yet costing their projects a lot of money for having the same problems they should have learned to avoid last project.

Posted in Observations, Reflection | 2 Comments »